Gospel Of Mary Magdalene FREE

The Gospel of Mary is found in the Berlin Gnostic Codex (or Papyrus Berolinensis 8502, as this ancient collection of Gnostic texts is labeled for archival reasons). This very important and well-preserved codex was apparently discovered in the late-nineteenth century somewhere near Akhmim in upper Egypt. It was purchased in 1896 by a German scholar, Dr. Carl Reinhardt, in Cairo and then taken to Berlin.

The book (or "codex", as these ancient books are called) was probably copied and bound in the late fourth or early fifth century. It contains Coptic translations of three very important early Christian Gnostic texts: the Gospel of Mary, the Apocryphon of John, and the Sophia of Jesus Christ. The texts themselves date to the second century and were originally authored in Greek. (In academic writing over the last century, this codex is variably and confusingly referenced by scholars as the "Berlin Gnostic Codex", the "Akhmim Codex", PB 8502, and BG 8502).

Despite the importance of the discovery of this ancient collection of Gnostic scriptures, several misfortunes including two world wars delayed its publication until 1955. By then the large Nag Hammadi collection of ancient Gnostic writings had also been recovered. It was found that copies of two of the texts in this codex -- the Apocryphon of John, and the Sophia of Jesus Christ -- had also been preserved in the Nag Hammadi collection. The texts from the Berlin Gnostic Codex were used to aid and augment translations of the Apocryphon of John and the Sophia of Jesus Christ as they now are published in Nag Hammadi Library.

But more importantly, the codex preserves the most complete surviving fragment of the Gospel of Mary (as the text is named in the manuscript, though it is clear this named Mary is the person we call Mary of Magdala). Two other small fragments of the Gospel of Mary from separate Greek editions were later unearthed in archaeological excavations at Oxyrhynchus in lower Egypt. (Fragments of the Gospel of Thomas were also found at this ancient site; see the Oxyrhynchus and Gospel of Thomas page for more information about Oxyrhynchus.) Finding three fragments of a text of this antiquity is extremely unusual, and it is thus evidenced that the Gospel of Mary was well distributed in early Christian times and existed in both an original Greek and a Coptic language translation.

Unfortunately the surviving manuscript of the Gospel of Mary is missing pages 1 to 6 and pages 11 to 14 -- pages that included sections of the text up to chapter 4, and portions of chapter 5 to 8. The extant text of the Gospel of Mary, as found in the Berlin Gnostic Codex, is presented below. The manuscript text begins on page 7, in the middle of a passage.

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Injil Mary ditemui di Berlin Gnostik Codex (atau 8502 Berolinensis Papyrus, kerana ini koleksi purba teks Gnostik dilabelkan atas sebab-sebab arkib). Ini codex sangat penting dan dipelihara nampaknya ditemui pada abad ke-lewat kesembilan belas tempat berhampiran Akhmim di atas Mesir. Ia telah dibeli pada tahun 1896 oleh seorang sarjana Jerman, Dr Carl Reinhardt, di Kaherah dan kemudian dibawa ke Berlin.

Buku (atau "naskhah", seperti buku-buku kuno yang dipanggil) mungkin telah disalin dan terikat pada akhir abad keempat atau awal kelima. Ia mengandungi terjemahan Coptic tiga awal teks Gnostik Kristian yang sangat penting: Injil Maryam, Apocryphon John, dan Sophia Nabi Isa. Teks-teks mereka kini kepada abad kedua dan pada asalnya ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani. (Dalam penulisan akademik sejak abad yang lalu, codex ini variably dan mengelirukan dirujuk oleh ulama sebagai "Berlin Gnostik Kolej", yang "Akhmim Kolej", PB 8502, dan BG 8502).

Walaupun kepentingan penemuan ini koleksi kuno kitab-kitab Gnostik, beberapa kemalangan termasuk dua perang dunia penerbitan ditangguhkan sehingga 1955. Pada masa itu Nag Hammadi besar koleksi tulisan Gnostik purba juga telah pulih. Ia telah mendapati bahawa salinan dua teks dalam codex ini - Apocryphon John, dan Sophia Nabi Isa - juga telah dipelihara dalam koleksi Nag Hammadi. Teks-teks dari Berlin Gnostik Kolej telah digunakan untuk membantu dan menambah terjemahan Apocryphon John dan Sophia Nabi Isa kerana mereka kini yang disiarkan di dalam mengomel Perpustakaan Hammadi.

Tetapi yang lebih penting lagi, codex mengekalkan serpihan yang paling lengkap hidup Injil Mary (sebagai teks itu dinamakan dalam manuskrip, walaupun ia adalah jelas ini yang bernama Mary adalah orang yang kita panggil Maria dari Magdala). Dua lagi serpihan kecil Injil Mary dari edisi Yunani berasingan kemudiannya ditemui dalam penggalian arkeologi di Oxyrhynchus rendah di Mesir. (Serpihan Injil Thomas juga didapati di laman web ini purba;. Melihat Oxyrhynchus dan Injil halaman Thomas untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai Oxyrhynchus) Mencari tiga serpihan teks kuno ini adalah sangat luar biasa, dan ia dengan itu terbukti bahawa Injil Mary telah diagihkan dengan baik dalam zaman awal Kristian dan wujud di dalam kedua-dua Yunani asal dan terjemahan bahasa Koptik.

Malangnya manuskrip yang masih hidup Injil Mary hilang muka surat 1 hingga 6 dan muka surat 11 hingga 14 - muka surat yang termasuk bahagian-bahagian teks sehingga bab 4, dan bahagian-bahagian bab 5 hingga 8. Teks yang masih ada dari Injil Mary, seperti yang terdapat dalam Berlin Gnostik Codex, dibentangkan di bawah. Teks manuskrip bermula pada muka surat 7, di tengah-tengah laluan.

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